If you’ve been diagnosed with sleep apnea and are considering CPAP therapy, it’s important to understand the steps involved—especially when buying a CPAP machine in Canada. From getting a proper diagnosis to selecting the right device, this guide walks you through the essentials.
A Prescription Is Required in Canada
Health Canada regulates CPAP machines as Class II medical devices, meaning a prescription is legally required for purchase. Before receiving a prescription, you must undergo a sleep study—either an in-lab polysomnography (PSG) or an at-home sleep apnea test (HSAT). These tests evaluate your breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and sleep stages to determine if sleep apnea is present.
About one in four Canadian adults are considered at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), yet many remain undiagnosed due to lack of awareness or access to testing.
If your sleep study includes a consultation with a physician, they can help determine whether CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is the right treatment for your condition.
Understanding Your Sleep Study Results
After your sleep study, your results will indicate whether you have obstructive sleep apnea and how severe it is. One key measurement is the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), which tracks how many times per hour your breathing is reduced or stops during sleep.
According to Harvard Medical School, AHI classifications are:
-
Mild: 5 to <15 events per hour
-
Moderate: 15 to <30 events per hour
-
Severe: 30+ events per hour
Moderate to severe sleep apnea is linked to a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke. Identifying the severity of your sleep apnea helps your healthcare provider determine the most appropriate treatment pathway.
Author Recommendation
Understanding your AHI score is critical. For example, oral appliances may be appropriate for some individuals with mild to moderate OSA, but are usually not recommended for severe cases, where CPAP therapy is generally considered the most effective treatment.
Getting a CPAP Prescription in Canada
If CPAP is the recommended treatment, a prescription is necessary to move forward. In Canada, only a licensed physician can provide this prescription. It typically includes:
-
The type of CPAP device (standard, auto-adjusting, or BiPAP)
-
Pressure settings or range
-
Recommendations such as a humidifier or specific mask style
Sleep study results, including the Apnea-Hypopnea Index and oxygen desaturation data, are used to determine your pressure settings and overall treatment plan.
Provincial Variations
Some provinces have additional requirements. In Quebec, for instance, not only is a prescription required for the CPAP machine, but some pharmacies may also require one for accessories like the mask, tubing, and humidifier.
In Ontario, the Assistive Devices Program (ADP) covers up to 75% of the cost of a CPAP machine for eligible residents, provided the prescription follows the approved government process. Always check with your local clinic or pharmacist to ensure you’re meeting the requirements in your region.
Understanding Your Prescription
Once you’ve received your prescription, the next step is choosing the right machine. There are several types of Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) devices you may be prescribed:
-
Standard CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): Delivers a fixed pressure throughout the night.
-
Auto CPAP (APAP): Automatically adjusts the pressure within a prescribed range based on your breathing patterns. Many users find APAP more comfortable, and studies have shown it may improve adherence compared to fixed-pressure CPAP.
-
BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure): Offers two pressure levels—one for inhalation and a lower one for exhalation. This is often recommended for individuals with more complex needs or those who struggle to exhale against constant pressure.
-
Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV): A sophisticated device used primarily for treating central sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, or complex sleep apnea syndrome. ASV monitors your breathing and provides dynamic pressure support to stabilize each breath.
Essential Accessories
In addition to your machine, a few key accessories are needed to begin therapy:
-
Mask: Options include nasal pillows, nasal masks, and full-face masks. The right mask depends on your breathing habits, sleep position, and comfort preferences.
-
Tubing: Connects the machine to your mask. Heated tubing is available to reduce condensation and enhance comfort during therapy.
-
Humidifier: Often integrated into the machine, it helps reduce dryness, nasal irritation, and sore throat—common complaints for new users.
-
Filters: These clean the air before it enters the mask and should be replaced regularly. Manufacturers typically recommend replacing them every one to three months, depending on usage and environmental factors.
To keep your setup clean and effective, weekly mask and tubing cleaning is advised. Regular maintenance helps ensure therapy remains safe and comfortable.
Buying Options: Online vs. In-Clinic
You can purchase your CPAP machine through a sleep clinic or a licensed online supplier based in Canada.
-
In-Clinic: Offers hands-on support, personalized fittings, and follow-up education. However, the price may be higher due to in-person services and overhead costs.
-
Online: Provides convenience and often more competitive pricing. Be sure to choose a Canadian-based retailer that complies with Health Canada regulations.
Purchasing from unlicensed or international websites can pose risks, including voided warranties, lack of proper documentation for insurance reimbursement, and potential receipt of machines not approved for use in Canada.
Is CPAP Covered by Insurance or Provincial Health Plans?
Coverage for CPAP therapy varies by province and by insurance provider. Some provincial programs, such as Ontario’s ADP, partially fund CPAP machines when prescribed through a government-approved pathway.
Many private insurance plans offer reimbursement for machines, masks, filters, and humidifiers. Check your policy to confirm what's covered, and find out if prior authorization or specific documentation is required.
Final Thoughts
Buying a CPAP machine in Canada isn’t just a matter of choosing a device—it’s a healthcare decision that begins with proper diagnosis and continues with informed support.
With the right treatment plan and follow-up care, CPAP therapy has been shown to significantly reduce daytime sleepiness and improve overall quality of life. Long-term use can also lower the risk of cardiovascular events, particularly in those with moderate to severe sleep apnea.
Whether purchasing online or in person, working with a reputable supplier who understands Canadian healthcare regulations ensures a smoother, safer start to your sleep therapy journey.
Citations
-
Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School. (n.d.). Sleep and health education program: Sleep and health education. Sleep and Health Education Program, Harvard Medical School. https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-34
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Yes. In Canada, CPAP machines are classified as Class II medical devices and legally require a prescription for purchase. A prescription must come from a licensed physician usually, following a sleep study, such as an in-lab polysomnography (PSG) or a home sleep apnea test (HSAT).
A CPAP machine delivers a fixed pressure throughout the night. An APAP (Auto CPAP) adjusts the pressure automatically based on your breathing patterns. A BiPAP provides two different pressures—one for inhaling and one for exhaling—making it suitable for people who find fixed pressure uncomfortable or have more complex breathing needs.
Coverage varies by province and insurance provider. Some provincial programs, like Ontario’s Assistive Devices Program (ADP), cover a portion of the cost if eligibility criteria are met. Many private insurance plans also provide coverage for machines, masks, filters, and humidifiers. Always confirm coverage and documentation requirements with your provider.